Emergency Response to Terrorism

Emergency Response to Terrorism Past Acts of Terrorism On September 11, 2001, America experienced an attack. Early in the morning at around 8:45 am a flight carrying 20, 000 gallons of jet fuel made its way to the northern side of the world trade centre tower hitting the 80th floor. This lead to the death of hundred plus individuals plus other were trapped on the higher floors of the world trade centre located in New York. Some few minutes later the same world trade centre building was hit with another plane which hit the 60th floor, and this led to a massive explosion that alarmed the whole state that indeed America was under attack. Immediately during the attack, the media managed to make a live broadcast of the attack so as to inform the public of the occurrence. The planners of the attack of the September 11 did it perfectly such that they ensured that there was no leak of the attack to the public. The attacker did not make use of any electronic form of communication, and thus this radio silence helped them execute their plan effectively. During the attack, the federal government experienced various communication breakdown, and this affected how the disaster was handled. An official from the 9/1 1gave a statement and said that the federal government experienced various communication breakdowns during the attack (Asaeda, 2005). The report that was given showed that the systems of communication that were put in place had failed. During the attack, those who were operating the planes tried to reach the Federal Aviation Administration via teleconferencing, but this proved difficult. The FAA did not join the conference for almost 15 minutes and even after they had joined they did not take an immediate move. The FAA personals involved in the conferencing did not have the authority to deal with the situation as the senior officials were absent. This delay in the relaying of information between the operators and the FAA contributed a lot to the attack being successful. If the official responded in advance, then an immediate solution would have been adopted to deal with the situation. Immediately the attack took place it only took a few minutes, and the firefighters were on the ground. The attack led to several individuals being hurt and may others losing their lives. The hospitals in New Jersey, New York and the neighbouring areas prepared themselves for the attack. The hospital beds were secured, and the elective surgeries that were taking place were put to a halt to make room for the victims of the attack. St Vincent who was the closest trauma centre approximately 1.6 km from the world trade centre was filled with victims of the occurrence. New York Cornell Hospital dealt with the burn patients as it is the only burn centre in Manhattan. The nurses and the doctors were not allowed to leave the hospitals because of the large number of patients that were being rushed to the hospitals (Kendra Wachtendorf, 2003). The rescue teams including the firefighters and the policemen were in place to ensure that the situation was under control. In total the rescue team mana ged to save the lives of twenty individuals who had been trapped in the building. The first responders encountered several challenges when the WTC attack took place. After the bombing of the world trade centre in 1993 radio repeaters were installed in the tower to ease communication but the firefighters were not aware that the repeaters were functioning. During the attack, there was little communication between the police department and the fire department and thus when the police were notified to evacuate the building after realising that the tower was at a risk of collapsing the firefighters were not informed. The firefighters lacked information about the collapse of the building because they were not watching the news broadcast and also because the communication centre for the police which could have used to inform them had been evacuated due to the threat that the building will collapse. The supplies for various equipment needed for rescue delayed and this thus crippled the rescue situation. The government agencies responded pretty well to the disaster. The various rescue teams and firefighting teams were in place, and they showed their bravery in the scene. They managed to save a lot of lives, and those who were injured were immediately rushed to the hospital. The hospital having been alarmed by the situation had already prepared for the disaster and had their doctors in place to take care of the situation at hand. The rescue teams experienced problems with communication, and thus the crowding of the communication network made it hard for the hospital to determine the patients are coming from the world trade centre attack (Simon Teperman, 2001). Despite the communication breakdown the hospitals still managed to take care of the patients and create more beds for the world trade centre victims. In future, the government should, therefore, ensure that they have communication backup in case of such an occurrence in future. The world trade centre sent an awakening call to the government of the United States concerning their preparation for such disasters. The fact that the tower has been a site of interest for many terrorists because of the many people it accommodates and its location as well. The government should, therefore, put in place security measures that will help curb such situations in future. The awakening call has also helped the government to improve the disaster management technique that was in place before. References Asaeda, G. (2005, September). World Trade Centre Attack. In International Congress on Disaster Medicine and Emergency Management. Yale, New Haven. Kendra, J. M., Wachtendorf, T. (2003). Elements of resilience after the world trade centre disaster: reconstituting New York Citys Emergency Operations Centre. Disasters, 27(1), 37-53. Simon, R., Teperman, S. (2001). The World Trade Center attack: lessons for disaster management. Critical Care, 5(6), 318. Emergency Response to Terrorism Emergency Response to Terrorism Decontamination On a wide scope of meaning, the word decontamination refers to the idea of making a place safe once it has been made unsafe in which ever manner. It involves getting rid of any dangerous objects like bombs or even people that make places unsafe. Cases of decontamination have been very severe as time has gone by mostly encouraged by the fact that there is high rate of technological development. High School In society, schools are one of the institutions that carry the highest number of people. They will have so many people or students who have gone to acquire knowledge and this is almost on a daily basis. Some of the reasons why a school could be attacked include; Many people will die or be affected during the attack due to the high population which is a characteristic of most schools. A terrorist always finds ways of affecting the highest population that he possibly can. The number of deaths that will be experienced in a school is quite high because the school has young children who may not know how to help themselves or how to offer proper first aid to their injured friends due to panic. This means that the number of deaths will be so high. The school has students from almost all walks of life or even at times from different countries and races. Attacking the school will mean that the different families where the children come from will be affected. A large portion of the country and state will be affected in the process. Initial considerations To make a school safe again there are so many things that I will have to look at; The nearness of the school to the city The population of the school is important so that one can prepare and approximate the number of first aid material that will be needed. The Decontamination Once we get to the school; Take all the casualties to the hospital without wasting any time so that we can save as many lifes as possible. This is the very first step to making the school safe by ensuring that the lives of those who have been affected are secured. Once that is done the facility should be cleared so that all people are kept as far away as possible from the school to avoid any more damages. Specialists in the area of bombing are then called in to survey the whole school and check if there are any more bombs. Any that is still on should be disarmed in the most careful way. The school should be then closed till its proved to be safe for any further learning. ÂÂ  Explain why your chosen initial decontamination considerations are important to this particular attack, and explain how, as a first responder, you will meet these challenges. The unfortunate aspect of the school in this case is that it is quite near to one of the big cities in the state and this poses a risk to the city. The people in the city will panic due to fear that they are next. The best way to deal with this is to use the media to inform them of what exactly happened and to ask them not to panic but to be cautious. The school is one of a high population of students and that goes without saying that I will need a lot of people in the rescue team for efficiency. Such a school may have a lot of casualties as the many students fought for safety out of their classes or the bomb may have affected many (Houghton,2016). Football stadium This is a good target for an attack because so many people love football and so he will get the attention he needs from the public. Since different people of different ages and ways of life go to watch football, no one will be able to tell who was responsible for the attack. A person can easily sneak the bomb in and out of the stadium. Initial considerations The architecture of the stadium- Some of the stadiums are quite complex in the way that they were built and this may make it even more difficult to decontaminate. It will require the help of architects especially when it comes to the issue of assessing the place for any bombs that may be hidden. The decontamination Approach scene with caution -While going to the arena, it is important to be careful as you go to the rescue because you can find that there are other bombs in the stadium that are still yet to go off and cause more death. Assess the place and find out where the bombs are located and disarm those that are still on to avoid further damage. Identify signs and indicators of CBRN incidents;-Take time to acquire patterns of things that were done deliberately to cause the bombing. This means establishing how the security was bridged all that was done for the bomb to go off It is important to know how many people lost their lives and to also identify who they were. People will come looking for their family members who might have lost their lives and so establishing the identity is important. For accountability purposes, the citizens will also expect to have a comprehensive report on the number of causalities in the bombing. Establish all the resources that will be needed for the cleaning up of any hazardous material left in the stadium. This will rely on the extent to which the bombing affected the place and the size of the stadium. The facility needs to be closed off from any further use till it is completely made safe for use. This will involve clearing of any chemicals or hazardous gases that may have been released. It can only be opened once professionals in this filed certify it as safe for use. Conclusion There are different forms of contamination in the world where bombing is one of them. This has been the cause of mass loss of life in the human history. These needs to be approached with care because any mistake made could make things worse. All the above listed steps or more should be followed with great caution so as to make places safe for use again. One fact remains; attacks will always be on places of large population (Simpson, 2014). References Houghton, B. (2016). The Changing Nature and Tactics of Terrorism. Oklahoma Politics, 25, 1-16. Fuse, A., Okumura, T., Hagiwara, J., Tanabe, T., Fukuda, R., Masuno, T., Yokota, H. (2013). New information technology tools for a medical command system for mass decontamination. Prehospital and disaster medicine, 28(03), 298-300. Simpson, E. (2014). The poor mans nuclear bomb.

Doc Edgerton :: essays research papers

Able to photograph a bullet in flight, Harold Eugene â€Å"Doc† Edgerton was born in April 6,1903 in Fremont, Nebraska. Harold Edgerton studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where from 1926 to 1931 he (and his associates) developed the modern stroboscope. Edgerton applied his discovery of the modern stroboscope to a wide range of fields. His discovery aided under-water photography and sonar research, photography in nature, and motion pictures. He taught thousands of students at MIT, and he enjoyed every minute of teaching.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Edgerton enrolled at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as a graduate student, but he remained there for approximately 60 years. At MIT, Doc Edgerton was a professor of electrical engineering. As a graduate student at MIT, Edgerton developed an electric strobe light with which he produced flashes of 1/500,000 second. When the flash is used in a series, the progressive stages of an object in motion can be recorded on the same piece of film. An example of this would be Tennis by Edgerton. Now, flashes are at the speed of a few billionths of a second, this would not have been possible without the work of Doc Edgerton.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The simplest kind of stroboscope is a revolving disk with usually one slit or hole, but sometimes more, in its periphery. These holes enable the observer to view the object. The revolutions of the disc can be synchronized, with the motion of the object. With the precise synchronization, even photographs of bullets in flight can be taken. The photographs are like contemporary motion picture frames.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Not only was the discovery of the modern high-speed stroboscope useful in photography, but also in the field of engineering. The stroboscope could be used to study wear, vibration, and distortion of moving parts while the parts of the machine are being used (the machine is running).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Edgerton was also involved in ocean research. He took a few photographic journeys with his good friend Jacques Cousteau. Cousteau gave Edgerton the nickname â€Å"Papa Flash.† Jacques Cousteau, at celebration for the life of Edgerton, said; â€Å"He (Edgerton) was the only human being I ever met that met life with as much enthusiasm†¦He was a perpetual dreamer.

Chapter 10 Sociology Race and Ethnicity Essay

– Race: people who share physical characteristics, such as skin color and facial features that are passed on through reproduction – social construction: a societal invention that labels people based on physical appearance. – Skin color, hair texture, and eye shape are examples of unequal treatment – Ethnic Group: a group of people who identify with a common national origin or cultural heritage that includes language, geographic roots, food, customs, traditions, and/or religion. – Puerto Ricans, Chinese, Serbs, Arabs, Swedes, Hungarians, Jews – Racial-Ethnic Group: people who have distinctive physical and cultural characteristics. Immigrants – Illegal immigrants do the jobs that most Americans don’t want like clean homes and offices, nannies and busboys, nurses’ aides, and pick fruit for low wage Dominant and Minority Groups: – Dominant Group: any physically or culturally distinctive group that has most economic and political power, the greatest privileges, and the highest social status. – Men are dominant group because they have more status, resources, and power than women. – Apartheid: a formal system of racial segregation – Minority: a group of people who may be subject to differential and unequal treatment because of their physical, cultural, and other characteristics such as sex, sexual orientation, religion, ethnicity, or skin color. – American minorities have fewer choices than dominant group members in finding homes and apartments because they are less likely to get help from a bank to help with mortgage. – Patterns of Dominant-Minority Group Relations: – Genocide: the systematic effort to kill all members of a particular ethnic, religious, political, racial, or national group. – Holocaust in Germany – Segregation: the physical and social separation of dominant and minority groups. – De Facto: informal; may be voluntary as when members of racial or ethnic groups prefer to live among their own group. Due to discrimination -De Jure: Legal; replaced by de facto – Assimilation: the process of conforming to the culture of the dominant group, adopting its language and values, and intermarrying with that group. – Mexicans are less likely to assimilate in the US than immigrants from the Philippines, Vietnam or South Korea because they are more likely to have entered the country illegally which cuts them from getting a good job, most public assistance programs, and eventual citizenship – Pluralism: minority groups retain their culture but have equal social standing in a society. – The US is pluralistic because it is multicultural, multicolored, and multilingual. Also, the US has most racial and ethnic communities (â€Å"Little Italy†, â€Å"Greek Town†, â€Å"Little Korea†, â€Å"Spanish Harlem†) live peacefully side by side Some Sources of Racial-Ethnic Friction. – Racism: a set of beliefs that one’s own racial group is naturally superior to other groups. – Prejudice: an attitude, positive or negative, toward people because of their membership. – Different from us in race, ethnicity, or religion. Asians are really hard workers; White people can’t be trusted – Stereotype: an oversimplified exaggerated generalization about a category of people. – Can be positive; All African Americans are athletic – Can be negative; All African Americans are lazy – Ethnocentrism: the belief that one’s own culture, society, or group is inherently superior to others. – Reject those outside of our group. – Scapegoats: individuals or groups whom people blame for their own problems or shortcomings. – They didn’t hire me because the company wants blacks; I didn’t get into that college because Asian Americans are at the top of the list Minorities are scapegoating targets because they differ in physical appearance and too powerless to strike back. – Stereotypes, ethnocentrism, and scapegoating are attitudes, but lead to discrimination. – Discrimination: any act that treats people unequally or unfairly because of their group membership. – Range from social slights (not inviting a co worker to lunch) to rejection of job application and hate crimes. – Can be subtle (not sitting next to someone) or blatant (racial slurs) – Individual Discrimination: harmful action on a one-to-one basis by a member of a dominant group against a member of a minority group. – Discrimination while eating in restaurants, shopping, buying house, applying for job, etc. – Institutional Discrimination: unequal treatment and opportunities that members of minority groups experience as a result of the everyday operations of a society’s law, rules, policies, practices, and customs. – Heath services; minorities get lower quality care than white people even when treated by the same doctor. – Relationship between Prejudice and Discrimination: – Robert Merton described the relationship between prejudice and discrimination as 4 patterns; 1. Unprejudiced Nondiscriminators: â€Å"All-weather liberals† They aren’t prejudiced and don’t discriminate; they believe in the American creed of freedom 2. Prejudiced Discriminators: â€Å"Active Bigots† They are prejudiced and do discriminate. They are willing to break laws to express beliefs 3. Unprejudiced Discriminators: â€Å"Fair-weather liberals† ; They aren’t prejudiced but they discriminate because its in their own self interest to do so 4. Prejudiced Nondiscrimination: â€Å"Timid Bigots† They are prejudiced but don’t discriminate. Major Racial and Ethnic Groups in the US – European Americans: immigrants from southern and eastern Europe; they viewed newcomers as dirty, lazy, and uncivilized because they differ in language, religion and customs. – Latinos: many Latinos who were professionals in their native land only find low-income jobs in the US. They often have a hard time to both work and learn English well enough to pass exams to become doctors, lawyers, and accountants. Many are successful though. Earn better hourly wages because they are older, better educated, and more likely to be employed in construction than agriculture. – African Americans: They are successful. A third of all black households earn incomes of $50,000 or more. – Asian Americans: the most successful Asian Americans are those who speak English relatively well and have high education levels. Have higher educational levels than any other US racial-ethnic groups. Most likely to be concentrated in highly skilled occupations like information technology, science, engineering, and medicine. – American Indians: they are not immigrants, they have been in the US longer than any other group. They have made considerable economic progress by insisting on self- determination and the rights of tribes to run their own affairs. Most of them work in construction and repair, maintenance, and personal and laundry services. – Middle Eastern Americans: one of the most diverse and complex combinations of geographic, historical, religious, linguistic, and even racial places on Earth. Tend to be better educated and wealthier than other Americans. Well integrated into American life. Three of four speak only English at home or speak it well and more than half are homeowners. Sociological Explanations of Racial-Ethnic Inequality – Functionalism: (macro) Prejudice and Discrimination can be dysfunctional, but they provide benefits for dominant groups and stabilize society. – Conflict: (macro) Powerful groups maintain their advantages and perpetuate racial-ethnic inequality primarily through economic exploitation – Primary Labor Market: held primarily by white workers, provide better wages, health and pension benefits, and some measure of job security. – Secondary Labor Market: (fast-food employees) are largely minorities and easily paid, their wages are low, there are a few benefits and working conditions are poor. – Feminist: (macro and micro) Minority women suffer from the combined effects of racism and sexism. – Gendered Racism: the overlapping and cumulative effects of inequality due to racism and sexism. – Symbolic Interactionism: (micro) Hostile attitudes toward minorities, which are learned, can be reduced through cooperative interracial and interethnic contacts. – Attitudes toward dominant and minority groups through labeling and selective perception can increase prejudice and discrimination. – Contact Hypothesis: the idea that more people get to know members of a minority group personally, the less likely they are to be prejudiced against that group Interracial and Interethnic Relationships: – Miscegenation: marriage or sexual relations between a man and a woman of different races. – The increase in intermarriage reflects many interrelated factors both macro and micro that include everyday contact and changing attitudes.

Music Concert Experience and Description Essay - 742 Words

Music Concert Experience and Description On October 19th I attended the State University Symphony Orchestra, State University Wind Symphony, and State University Choir concert, which was sponsored by the State University School of Music and Dance and was also held at in the Smith Recital Hall. Harold Warman conducted the SU Symphony Orchestra and the SU Wind Symphony while Frank Almond conducted the SU Choirs. Dr. Frank Almond is a Professor of Music and Director of Choral Activities at SU. Professor Harold Warman has been conducting orchestras for the past thirty-six years. He has taken groups to†¦show more content†¦This is a set of four poems from Irving Fine. The choir first read the poems and performed them after. Following the SDSU Chamber Signers, the SDSU Concert Choir performed Muie Rendera by C.A. Pinto-Fonseca and Regina Coeli by W.A. Mozart. All together there were about 50 concert choir singers, and about 17 chamber singers. After the intermission the SDSU Wind Symphony performed Flourish for Wind Band, Toccata Marziale, and Symphony No. 2. Ralph Vaughn Williams created Flourish for Wind Band along with Toccata Marziale. Both of these pieces feature a modern expressive style. Flourish for Wind Band was first performed on April 1, 1939 to lift the spirits of the English as Germany was threatening to take over their land. It has a very upbeat rhythm and melody due to the fact that it was supposed to help cheer up people. It seems to flow in the same pattern Toccata Marziale was created in 1924. Symphony No. 2 was composed by John Barnes Chance around 1961 and consisted of Sussurando-Energico, Elevato and Slancio. The last three pieces all ran together and seemed to have the same volume, form and tempo. After listening to the wind symphony play I was very impressed with their ability to keep up pace because all of the pieces performed had very fast tempo and rhythm although there wasnt really any instanc es of leading melody, all of theShow MoreRelatedConcert Critique954 Words   |  4 PagesMUS 110CL Concert Critique Guidelines and Rubric After either attending a live concert or watching a full length concert online, write a critique of the performance following the format below. 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The second pieceRead MoreThe Performance Of Classical Music1749 Words   |  7 PagesClassical music has been played in many different venues, with many different instruments, in many different time periods so it is very interesting to compare all of the performances. The performance I went was definitely very different from how the music would’ve been played when the composers first wrote them. The 200-year difference allows me to explore all of the unique aspects that both the first performance and my current performance added to the experience that classical music concerts. AlthoughRead MoreQuestions On Downtown Los Angeles1158 Words   |  5 PagesTHINGS TO DO http://hotelindigo-la.com.s94149.gridserver.com/things-to-do/ Title tag: Downtown L.A. Things To Do | Hotel Indigo Downtown Los Angeles Meta description: Los Angeles is a city for every type of dreamer. Whether you are on a family vacation or romantic retreat, check out our pro-tip list to get you started. 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How Should We Then Live Free Essay Example, 1250 words

In the book How Now Shall We Live it is said Because something is legal does not make it right. Nor can the will of the majority be confused with the will of God. They may be very different; in fact, they often are . This sentence was used in Colson s argument over the Vietnam War and his desire to lay his life down in his country s defense. Thus it can be said that society today has become so modernized that it is near impossible for the individual to try to make moral judgments by using God s words and defying those of man. This can lead to a contradiction between the individual and the State because the world today follows a dictum that is not similar to that of God s. To this Schaeffer states Humanism has no final way of saying certain things are right and other things are wrong. For the humanist, the final thing which exists that is, the impersonal universe is neutral and silent about right and wrong, cruelty and non-cruelty. Humanism has no means to give absolutes; thus as a regular consequence of humanism s standing, humanism in private morals and political life is left with that which is absolutely arbitrary. Today, almost every developed and the successful world follows the policies of a democratic charter. We will write a custom essay sample on How Should We Then Live or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page People are distinctive in the inner life of their mind what they are in their thought world leads to how they would behave by all means. This is fair and true of their value systems; it is true of their creativity. This also stands as the truth for their corporate actions, such as political decisions, and it is also a true point for their personal lives". Schaeffer warns of a world where sociological law will take over any stable authority. This will allow the authority to state anything it wants as illegal by using the majority vote, even if it defies all forms of humanity.

Is It Possible For Men And Women - 1589 Words

20 October 2015 Is it possible for men and women to be friends in the real world? I think not as I will demonstrate here. I’ll show some possible techniques to escape the friend zone and potentially turn from friend to boyfriend or girlfriend. Also, I’ll discuss this problem a bit more, sharing tips on how to avoid the friend zone in the first place. Research on Inter-Sexual Friendship Apparently this friend zone question has been on the table for about a decade. Bleske and Buss (2000) surveyed college students regarding the benefits and costs of opposite sex friendships in their lives. Generally they found that the costs and benefits were the same for both sexes. For example, both sexes enjoyed opposite-sex friends for self-esteem†¦show more content†¦Therefore, when friendships did not turn sexual or romantic, men were often left feeling rejected and used (i.e. friend zoned), while women felt uncomfortable with the unreciprocated feelings. In contrast, when friendships did turn sexual, most of these men continued to label the women as just friends - at roughly double the rate of women. This leads to the other friend zone women more routinely face, the friends-with-benefits zone, where sex is shared but commitment is not required. Women also had their own set of costs and benefits of opposite-sex friendships. They were more likely to experience the benefit of their male friends paying for outings and enjoyed the physical protection of those friends (men saw these as costs of time and money). Women also enjoyed the ability to network through male friends. However, as noted above, women found it to be a cost when those male friends desired sex or romance. They also disliked when their male friends caused difficulty in the women s other dating efforts. Revisiting the Friend Zone and Friendship Problems The research above supports the notion that men and women may sometimes have very different goals and desires in opposite-sex friendships. While women tend to have male friends without issues men tend to try to work these relationships into a full blown relationship, even if it takes

Social Work in Canada

Question: Discuss about the Social Work in Canada. Answer: Introduction The gentrification in the Downtown Eastside concerning low-income population in Vancouver is a debatable topic to discuss as it promotes the process of gentrification to the interested individual. The geographic location of Vancouver helps this place to become an important transportation hub in Canada as it connects the locations of Western Canada to Orient (Grube-Cavers Patterson, 2014). This particular discourse will concentrate on the gentrification in the Downtown Eastside, which is closely linked with the low-income population in Vancouver BC of Canada. This study will also explain the positive and negative impact because of gentrification, which can be measured and evaluated from various different aspects of the society. The detailed discussion on this specific topic will help to get a thorough and detailed knowledge on the gentrification in Vancouver and several impacts on the inhabitants of Canada and the economic condition. Discussion Several areas of Vancouver have been enriched with essential raw materials that can lead towards a budding manufacturing industry in Canada that can enhance the present economic condition of the nation in the competitive economic business world. The sudden transformation of Downtown Eastside of Vancouver has been marked by arrival of the trendy and contemporary cafes, high-priced salons and upscale grocery stores from maze of buildings towards notorious intersection of Hastings and Main of the city. The Downtown Eastside can be considered as a neighbourhood, which is best known for a series of grim and clichs news stories. On the other hand, this particular location is considered as the poorest postal code of Canada as the gritty alleys and streets are strewn with a vast story of addiction and poverty. The gentrification completely changes the functions of the provincial government, development of the city council of Vancouver for rejuvenating thrive of the inhabitants for supporting a fair social housing in affordable prices. Burnett (2014) has argued that the gentrification may completely changes the economic condition of Downtown Eastside of Vancouver, however, the low-income inhabitants of Vancouver has feared that the gentrification may bring a system in the stores, which is beyond their reach. Even the gentrification pushes the low-income residents towards the affordable rental units and products. As Downtown Eastside of Vancouver possesses very large population from low-income group, therefore the society developers always intend to upscale the every level of the neighbourhood. The activists and the neighbourhood council in Downtown Eastside pushes for building condos and for attracting completely new business to the city, which can be concerned as harmful gentrification. The argument of gentrification involves the gradual increment of the standard and cost of living of the inhabitants and displace for the low-income inhabitants, who lives for years in the city. From various aspects, it has been clearly shown that gentrification possess both positive and negative impact on the society of Canada influencing the economic condition in huge manner. The debate regarding gentrification explains the process of help to the inhabitants of Vancouver behind any kind of existing statistics in the society. Gentrification promotes and supports the new restaurants and stores all over the city for enhancing the lifestyle of the inhabitants in order to reach to the low-income population. Lees et al. (2013) have pointed out that the retail outlets and stores, for instances t he drug stores and grocery markets in Vancouver can sustain in better manner than the previous one only because of the implication of gentrification in Downtown Eastside for serving every inhabitants of the city without considering their economic position in the society. The society of Canada implies this change as gentrification, whereas, the society developers mention it as an essential lifeline as this is the only significant way of keeping an area alive as it does not possess the capability to work in otherwise manner. On the other hand, the housing activists of Downtown Eastside have identified a modest enhancement for the social housing units, which will be offset because of sudden impact of gentrification. According to Hyde (2014), the higher property values for fuel, rent has been increased at the hotels of single-room occupancy and other existing housing complex for the people of low-income. Even the impacts of gentrification are easy to observe in the society and it concer ns the accusation. However, the society developers have understood that gentrification is not a bad thing if implemented in proper manner. There is nothing wrong with the condition of low-income people as they belong to the intermixed community. Lees (2012) has contradicted with this above-mentioned statement and has stated that gentrification possess the capacity of putting every inhabitants of the society in single place and putting a fence surrounding it. Gentrification in Downtown Eastside involves a process of rebuilding and renewing the basic influx of the affluent inhabitants of Vancouver, who are into the deteriorating areas, which are displaced by the low-income residents. However, there are certain debates regarding the necessity of gentrification in the major cities across the USA during 1970s. As opined by Oulahen et al. (2015), consensus is the significant segment, which determines the gentrification that can shape the physical and social aspects of the neighbourhood. The scholars have agreed that the process of gentrified neighbourhood should be identified and evaluated in systematic manner. Gentrification in the Downtown Eastside was measured and evaluated in various existing ways that are immensely influenced in the neighbourhood studies and researches, which can assess the necessity of gentrification for neighbourhood outcomes in potential manner. Gentrification in Downtown Eastside has been attempted for revitalising the city, which has fallen on hard times. This process has observed a vast success as it completely transforms the traditional struggling cities like Vancouver and it determines the gradual development in the economic condition of the low-income people. Smith and Williams (2013) have mentioned that there are various reasons that are responsible for gentrifications, which has been concerned as an attractive redevelopment strategy for the low-income group of a city. The geographical area plays an important role for gentrification in the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver as this city possess a large number of working class people rather than the other cities of Canada. In the modern era of socialisation, America encounters with a huge crisis regarding the class divisions and in come inequality. However, the politicians, business executives, cultural and social leaders possess completely different viewpoint regarding the gentrification in the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver as these personalities hold the actual position in the city for justifying a further investment in the problems related to gentrification. These programmes always concern the economic condition of the low-income inhabitants of the city. As commented by Walia and Diewert (2012), the transformations in compositions of the local elites of Vancouver favour of using subsidised real estate projects, which are aimed for gentrification. On the other hand, the market forces can be sustained in appropriate manner only because of the impact of gentrification and the overall policies to change the development process. In order to determine the alignment of the multiple incentives and the lack of proven and traditional alternative models, there are universal choices for Vancouver for redevelopment of the society. However, there are several arguments related to the implication of appropriate gentrification model in Downtown Eastside of Vancouver for producing any kind of benefits in order to lower down the economic ladder. The imperative decisions involve the leaders and urban thinkers, who intend to search suitable models for denoting the success and benefits of the society (Fynes, 2013). Gentrification in the Downtown Eastside concern the city, people and the children as it clearly transforms the standard and cost of living of the inhabitants of this particular area. Downtown Eastside is situated in the middle of the city of Vancouver and this specific area has been threatened with the eco-gentrification procedure because of the local area plan in recent days. Once this particular location of Vancouver was the heart of constant improvement that was predominantly occupied by the sudden growth of the retail stores, restaurants, bars and outlets. Kluckner (2013) has mentioned that the proposed developments in Downtown Eastside have been altered by the dynamics of neighbourhood through a gentrification process, which will be concentrated on this exhibit. The present background of Eastside Downtown Vancouver reveals the fact that the gentrification procedure causes a sustainable development. On the other hand, the arguments regarding this specific process include relations in between various aspects of ecologi cal rationality, as it is closely associated with the production of various injustices for economically and politically vulnerable inhabitants and the environmental ethics (Fynes, 2013). The gentrification process in the Downtown Eastside Vancouver proposes an affordable housing practice that can force the low-income people as they live in an uncomfortable situation since several years. Gentrification process is not specified to the Vancouver area as this particular city may be experienced this process from other practices and the experiences across the world. A very good example can be considered of High Line, which is located in New York City. According to Lees (2012) gentrifications helps a city to develop its projects in order to offer an affordable and comfortable place to live for the low-income groups of the city. The bad things of gentrification suggest the minimising of this process for protecting the existing inhabitants from being priced out by the developers. On the other hand, the good things of the gentrification of Downtown Eastside imply the enhancement of the green space and the new technologies, which bring the environmental justice. Another negativ e impact of gentrification suggests the displacement of the low-income residents of Vancouver. Even it can affect the smaller projects in the city for social development in gradual process. The gradual development of the neighbourhoods, which are predominantly occupied by the low-income people of a particular area that is based on established concepts resulted after the gentrification process. Conclusion This particular discourse clearly explains the gentrification in the Downtown Eastside, which is concerned with the low-income population in Vancouver BC, Canada. Both the positive and negative impact of the gentrification process has been discussed in detailed manner. The researches on gentrification also help to understand the requirement of gentrification for further development society in this modern economic world. This discourse explains the gentrification process, which works closely with the existing community for providing a better place for the low-income inhabitants of Downtown Eastside. The changes because of the gentrification may contribute to the dissatisfaction of the present population of that particular area because of the increased vulnerability and as a result, gentrification helps the city for sustainable development. References Burnett, K. (2014). Commodifying poverty: gentrification and consumption in Vancouvers Downtown Eastside.Urban Geography,35(2), 157-176. Fynes, B. (2013). Gentrification in Vancouver: Displacing the East End.Canadian Studies Undergraduate Journal,14, 9-17. Grube-Cavers, A., Patterson, Z. (2014). 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